The majority of the public was actually opposed to the Rising. However, public opinion turned when the British administration responded by executing many of the leaders and participants in the Rising.
All seven signatories to the proclamation were executed including Pearse and Connolly. One of the key leaders of this war was Michael Collins. In December a treaty was signed by the Irish and British authorities. While a clear level of independence was finally granted to Ireland the contents of the treaty were to split Irish public and political opinion. One of the sources of division was that Ireland was to be divided into Northern Ireland 6 counties and the Irish Free State 26 counties which was established in Such was the division of opinion in Ireland that a Civil War followed from to between pro and anti treaty forces, with Collins pro-treaty and de Valera anti-treaty on opposing sides.
A period of political stability followed the Civil War. The Parliament consisted of a majority of Protestants and while there was relative stability for decades this was to come to an end in the late s due to systematic discrimination against Catholics. In British troops were sent to Derry and Belfast to maintain order and to protect the Catholic minority.
However, the army soon came to be seen as a tool of the Protestant majority by the minority Catholic community. This was reinforced by events such as Bloody Sunday in when British forces opened fire on a Catholic civil rights march in Derry killing 13 people.
An escalation of paramilitary violence followed with many atrocities committed by both sides. Between and it is estimated that well over 3, people were killed by paramilitary groups on opposing sides of the conflict.
Since considerable stability and peace has come to Northern Ireland. In the s the Irish economy was in recession and large numbers of people emigrated for employment reasons. Ireland in the s, so long considered a country of emigration, became a country of immigration. This period in Irish history was called the Celtic Tiger. The Constitution re-established the state as the Republic of Ireland.
To find places of historical interest in Ireland go to: www. A Home Rule Act is passed in , providing for an Irish government in Dublin, but also for a number of Ulster counties to opt out.
It is suspended at the outbreak of the First World War. Irish divisions suffer crippling losses in the fighting. In , the Irish Volunteers stage the Easter Rising , primarily in Dublin, defeated within six days.
Initially, the Rising is immensely unpopular, but the immediate execution of its leadership, including Patrick Pearse and James Connolly, leads to a widespread shift in opinion: the days of the Union with England are counted. Fighting is hard and cruel, but overall casualties civilian and combatant are little over 2, A ceasefire is agreed in June , followed by negotiations between the British Government including David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill and the Irish Provisional Government, its representatives famously including Michael Collins.
Resentments about the conflict last to the present day. Meanwhile, a Northern Irish Parliament has been founded in He himself is to dominate Irish politics until his death in , his party until at least In , the IRA is made illegal.
Irish is the nominal first official language. Ireland remains neutral during the Second World War , although many Irishmen fight on the Allied side. Ireland becomes officially a Republic in Until the s, the Republic is beset by economic issues such as poverty, high unemployment and emigration. Meanwhile, Northern Ireland has been the venue of increasing sectarian violence since its foundation, its government, parliament and industry dominated by Protestants. The Northern Parliament is abolished in Also in , Ireland both parts joins the EEC.
From the s onwards, Irish musicians achieve considerable international success. In , Ireland not including Northern Ireland joins the Eurozone. History of Ireland. Weather in Ireland. Geography of Ireland. Our first visit to Ireland. We chose Peter Sommer Travels as our tour operator given previous experiences with them. The tour itinerary had been thoroughly researched prior to commencement, the hotels extremely comfortable, mostly country houses and the restaurants, whether in the hotels or stand alone, offering a range of fares, from haute cuisine to country kitchen, all worthy of a return visit and high recommendation.
The coach was immaculate and superbly comfortable. The two guides Siobhan and Heinrich , both academics, are superbly versed in their subjects and able to impart their knowledge to their audience in a manner which maintained interest and was suitably peppered with humour.
They also hosted the group in an exemplary manner at the dinner table and structured the daily itineraries to afford the guests personal space and comfort. This was our fifth tour with Peter Sommer Travels and each has been a completely successful, thoroughly enjoyable experience. To experience our website correctly you must enable Javascript , or alternatively switch to a widely supported modern browser such as Google Chrome.
Close this and continue. Irish History Located just off a much larger island Britain to the northwest of the European continent, Ireland has often been perceived as a remote, distant and isolated backwater. Testimonials Our first visit to Ireland. As Recommended By. And many more This site uses cookies: Find out more.
The Viking Invasions The Celts formed a huge part in Irelands developing society and played a major role in our culture. They remained unchallenged until the late 8th century, with the arrival of the Vikings from Scandinavia who began to raid Ireland as well as most of mainland Europe. While other parts of Europe around this time were responding to such outside foreign pressures throughout developing their own systems of feudalism, the Gaelic society in Ireland did not lend itself to such development.
The Anglo-Norman Conquest The unity that had been in place in Irish society under Brian Boru during the Viking invasions, had however disappeared by the time Ireland faced its next challenge that of the Normans from England in the 12th century which had long term influence on Ireland.
This challenge came from the highly effective feudal monarchy the Normans, founded in England by William I William the Conqueror after his invasion of that country in from Normandy in France. Modern Ireland The Norman Conquest brought Ireland under a new rule for several centuries with many attempts at rebellion. One of the most determined movements of resistance against Norman English rule came from the Gaelic chieftains of Ulster the north eastern quarter of the island , led by Hugh O'Neill, the second earl of Tyrone, during the end of Elizabeth's reign.
In suppressing their rebellion between and , English forces devastated the Ulster countryside. When he was defeated by William III at the Battle of the Boyne in , they shared in his defeat suffering under new laws, the Penal Laws, enacted by the victors the Protestant elite.
Also referred to as "The Great Hunger", the Great Famine lasted between and was arguably the single greatest disaster that affected the Irish history creating a seismic change in the population and culture.
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