Mitochondria are also involved in heat production, or thermogenesis. What is Plastids? Types of plastids include: Leucoplasts: These plastids have no color, and function in storing different molecules. Amyloplasts store starch and are involved in some biosynthetic processes.
Proteinoplasts store proteins. Elaioplasts store lipids. Chromoplasts are often formed from the differentiation of another plastid such as a chloroplast. Difference between Mitochondria and Plastids Location of Mitochondria and Plastids Mitochondria are found in both plant and animal eukaryotic cells while plastids are not found in animal cells. Organelle Structures Mitochondria have cristae and matrix while plastids do not have cristae or the same type of matrix; chloroplasts have thylakoids and stroma.
Inner Membranes of Mitochondria and Plastids All mitochondria have inner membranes while only some plastids have inner membranes. Color of Mitochondria and Plastids Plastids can vary in color depending on what they do and what pigments they contain, while mitochondria do not vary in color. Storage of Biological Macromolecules Some plastids are adapted for storing biological macromolecules while mitochondria are not adapted for storing biological macromolecules. ATP Production in Mitochondria and Plastids Mitochondria are involved in cellular respiration in which ATP is formed while plastids are not involved in cellular respiration.
Heat Production Mitochondria play a role in thermogenesis while plastids do not play a role in thermogenesis. Glucose Production in Mitochondria and Plastids Plastids can be involved in glucose production by photosynthesis while mitochondria are not involved in glucose production. Gases Chloroplast plastids use carbon dioxide and release oxygen while mitochondria use oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
Water Chloroplasts uses and produces water during photosynthesis, while mitochondria only produces and does not form water during respiration. Table comparing Mitochondria and Plastids Summary of Mitochondria and Plastids Mitochondria occur in most animal and plant cells while plastids do not occur in any animal cells.
Mitochondria have functions such as aerobic cellular respiration, thermogenesis, and cell signaling. There are different types of plastids with slightly different functions, for instance chloroplasts function in photosynthesis while leucoplasts function in food storage.
Some plastids like chloroplasts have a double inner membrane. Plastid color can vary depending on pigments that are present, and one plastid can differentiate into another plastid. While mitochondria are involved in producing ATP from breaking down of glucose, chloroplast plastids use ATP to produce glucose. Author Recent Posts. Her skills lie in research and writing for a range of educational levels and teaching various Biology classes. She has been trained as a lecturer, researcher and computer scientist.
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Her accomplishments include receiving tenure and being promoted to Associate Professor of Biology in the United States and publishing papers in peer-reviewed journals. Her hometown is Pietermaritzburg in South Africa where her main interest and hobby is bird watching. The inner mitochondrial membrane forms folds into the matrix called cristae. Cristae increase the surface area of the inner membrane.
The citric acid cycle, which is the second step of the cellular respiration, occurs in the matrix of mitochondria. ATP is produced in the oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs at the inner membrane of mitochondria. A mitochondrion is shown in figure 1. Plastids are membranous organelles found only in plant cells. Three types of plastids can be identified based on the type of pigment present in each plastid. They are leucoplasts, chromoplasts, and chloroplasts. Leucoplasts or white plastids are found in roots of sweet potatoes, internal leaves of cabbage, and stems of potatoes.
They lack any kind of pigments. Leucoplasts serves as food storage in the form of starch. Chromoplasts are colored plastids, present in the petals of flowers, fruits, and roots of some plants. They contain carotenoid pigments with varying colors from red, orange to green. Chloroplasts are the green pigments found in stem and leaves of plants.
They contain the green pigment, chlorophyll , which is responsible for photosynthesis. Light energy of the sunlight is captured by chlorophyll and simple sugars are produced from carbon dioxide and water. It also comprises thylakoids , which are disk-like structures, forming grana.
Leucoplasts in a plant cell is shown in figure 2. Color: Mitochondria are the colorless organelles. Shape: Bean shape. Inner membrane: Inner membrane is inwardly many folded which are called crystae.
Chamber: It is divided into complete chambers. Completely separated chambers are found inside the matrix. Function: It is the respiratory organ of the cell. They are mostly involved in energy production through cellular respiration.
They are responsible for cellular respiration and energy metabolism. Food reserve: It does not store any food. Types: Mitochondrial structure may vary based on the needs of the cell. Pigments: It has different pigments.
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